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Scientists investigated the location of Baltica, an ancient continent now part of Europe, approximately 616 million years ago during the Ediacaran period by analyzing rock samples from Egersund, Norway. The rocks revealed at least six different magnetic signals, creating a complex picture complicated by Earth's unusually unstable magnetic field during that time. The research places Baltica near the equator adjacent to the ancient Laurentia continent, at a slightly clockwise-rotated position compared to previous reconstructions, with the paleomagnetic pole located at 20.8°N, 89.0°E.
Why it matters
This research demonstrates the complexity of magnetic records preserved in ancient rocks and highlights the importance of decomposing these signals into individual components. Understanding continental positions during the Ediacaran period provides crucial insights into Earth's tectonic history and may help explain the mysterious behavior of Earth's magnetic field during this era.

Source: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
This is an authorized translation of an Eos article. 本文是Eos文章的授权翻译。
大约 6 亿年前,各大洲在地球上漂移,尚未最终定格在现在的位置。在埃迪卡拉纪时期,各大洲的位置对于科学家来说一直难以确定。地球的磁场似乎表现得异常不稳定,而利用标准方法根据磁场记录来计算大陆位置的做法却得出了一些难以置信的结果。尤其是,科学家们对一块名为波罗的大陆的古老大陆的位置存在争议,这块大陆如今是欧洲的一部分。
为了探究这一问题,Xue等人前往挪威埃格尔松德,采集了波罗的大陆地壳被撕裂、岩浆从下方涌出时形成的岩石样本。随着这些岩浆冷却凝固,它们记录了地球磁场的瞬时变化,并在此过程中存储了有关波罗的大陆位置的信息。
对这些样本的研究结果揭示了远比科学家们最初设想的更为复杂的古代岩石图景。这些岩石中至少包含了六种不同的磁信号,构成了一幅复杂的混合图景。其中一些信号似乎是在更现代的地质过程改变原始岩石时形成的。埃迪卡拉纪时期可能保存了三种不同的信号,其中两种与将波罗的板块置于赤道附近的最合理的埃迪卡拉纪信号相悖。这些相互矛盾的信号进一步支持了地球磁场在当时异常活动的观点,使原本就扑朔迷离的图景更加复杂。
基于新的研究结果,研究人员将埃迪卡拉纪时期埃格尔松德古地磁极的位置确定在北纬20.8°、东经89.0°——这与之前的研究结果有所不同——并提出波罗的板块当时位于赤道附近,毗邻古老的劳伦古陆,但相对于之前的重建结果,其位置略有顺时针旋转。这项研究表明,保存在古代岩石中的磁信号极其复杂,并凸显了将这些记录分解成各个组成部分的重要性。研究人员认为,这样做可以为埃迪卡拉纪时期地球磁场的神秘行为提供新的线索。(Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GC012730, 2026)
—科学撰稿人Saima May Sidik (@saimamay.bsky.social)
This translation was made by Wiley. 本文翻译由Wiley提供。
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Source: 6.16亿年前波罗的大陆在哪里?