AI Insight
This study investigated how adults aged 18-74 use acoustic cues like pitch and spatial location to separate speech from background talkers. Researchers found that working memory capacity predicted performance across all listening conditions, while extended high-frequency hearing thresholds were particularly important for using spatial cues. Adults over 40 performed significantly worse than younger adults on all speech-in-noise tasks, suggesting that age-related changes in auditory processing impair the ability to use acoustic cues for separating competing voices.
Why it matters
These findings help explain why older adults struggle to follow conversations in noisy environments like restaurants, even without significant hearing loss. The results suggest that hearing assessments should include extended high-frequency testing and that interventions targeting working memory or specific acoustic processing may help improve speech comprehension in noise for aging populations.
Understand the Science
⚠️ Preprint – Noch nicht peer-reviewed
Dieser Artikel wurde noch nicht von unabhängigen Experten begutachtet. Die Ergebnisse sind vorläufig und sollten mit Vorsicht interpretiert werden.
Acoustic cues such as pitch and spatial location allow listeners to attend to a target speaker and ignore competing talkers, aiding speech recognition in background noise. Diminished ability to utilize acoustic cues for speech stream segregation may thus contribute to older adults’ challenges hearing in noise. Adults aged 18-74 completed a speech-in-speech identification task with three conditions containing 1) only pitch cues (fundamental frequency), 2) only spatial cues (interaural time differences; ITDs), and 3) both pitch and spatial cues for segregating a target talker from competing talkers. Hearing thresholds at standard and extended high frequencies (EHFs), auditory brainstem responses (ABRs), and digit span scores were acquired to examine the influence of sensory and cognitive factors on use of each acoustic cue for speech-in-speech recognition. Significant differences were observed between cue condition scores indicating that use of the available cue(s) drove performance. ABR metrics were not a significant predictor but digit span scores significantly predicted scores on all three cue conditions. Working memory abilities therefore set a baseline for participants’ speech-in-speech recognition regardless of the acoustic content. Hearing thresholds at standard frequencies significantly predicted scores on the Pitch condition. EHF hearing thresholds better predicted Spatial and Both Cue condition performance, suggesting that EHF thresholds represent auditory processing important for coding ITDs. Age group analysis revealed that older adults (aged 40+) performed significantly more poorly on all cue conditions of the speech-in-speech recognition task relative to younger adults. Age-related changes in auditory sensory processing may therefore impair older adults’ speech-in-noise perception by reducing their ability to use acoustic cues for segregating target and competing speech.
Source: Age-related changes in acoustic cue use for speech-in-speech perception