Kidney failure

Kidney failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products and excess water from the blood, which normally get removed through urine. Without this filtering function, harmful substances accumulate in the body and can damage other organs, leading to serious health complications. It can develop suddenly (acute kidney injury) or gradually over time (chronic kidney disease), and while some causes are reversible, advanced kidney failure often requires dialysis or transplantation to keep a person alive.