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This theoretical physics paper addresses a problem in dark matter models where ultralight scalar particles can cause dark matter masses to vary over time. The authors demonstrate that mass splittings between particles sharing a cyclic symmetry can naturally create asymmetric populations through symmetric interactions alone, avoiding the need for symmetry-breaking couplings that would destabilize the theoretical framework. This mechanism works for both thermal and nonthermal dark matter relics that achieve internal equilibrium, allowing mass variation across diverse cosmological timescales.
Why it matters
This work provides a more theoretically robust framework for models of time-varying dark matter, which could help explain cosmological tensions and anomalies in observations. The approach maintains better control over quantum corrections while still allowing the mass variation needed for certain dark matter phenomenology.
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⚠️ Preprint – Noch nicht peer-reviewed
Dieser Artikel wurde noch nicht von unabhängigen Experten begutachtet. Die Ergebnisse sind vorläufig und sollten mit Vorsicht interpretiert werden.
Abstract: Ultralight scalars that vary dark-matter masses require protection from quantum corrections. Cyclic $mathbb{Z}_N$ symmetries provide this protection but also suppress variation of the mean mass of equally populated partners. Unsuppressed variation typically requires asymmetric reheating through symmetry-breaking couplings that threaten radiative control. We show that scalar-induced mass splittings built into these constructions can instead bias relic abundances through symmetric interactions. The mechanism applies to thermal and nonthermal relics that reach internal equilibrium after production, and permits mass variation over a broad range of timescales.