Physics

Scientists measure time without clocks using tiny artificial universe

How the science connects

Quantum mechanicsEntropyPhysical Review Re…

AI Insight

Professor Giovanni Barontini from the University of Birmingham has constructed a "mini-universe" experimental system that demonstrates how time can be measured without conventional clocks. The research, published in Physical Review Research, presents a scientific model where time emerges as a property from the experimental system itself rather than being imposed externally. This approach offers a novel perspective on understanding the fundamental nature of time in physics.


This research addresses one of the most fundamental questions in physics regarding the nature of time and could influence how we understand time in quantum mechanics and cosmology. The findings may have implications for developing new theoretical frameworks that bridge quantum mechanics and general relativity, where the treatment of time differs significantly.


Understand the Science

A University of Birmingham scientist has built a “mini-universe” that takes a step toward answering one of science’s biggest questions: “What is time?” Publishing his findings in Physical Review Research, Professor Giovanni Barontini shows how it is possible to measure the flow of time without using a clock at all. The new findings provide a scientific model in which a version of time emerges from the experiment itself.

Source: Scientist creates 'mini‑universe' to measure time without a clock