Scrofuloderma

AI Insight

Scrofuloderma is a form of cutaneous tuberculosis that occurs when Mycobacterium tuberculosis spreads from underlying infected structures, such as lymph nodes, bones, or joints, directly into the overlying skin. The condition typically presents as painless subcutaneous nodules that progress to form cold abscesses, which eventually ulcerate and drain through sinus tracts, creating characteristic violaceous undermined edges. Diagnosis requires demonstration of M. tuberculosis through culture, molecular testing, or histopathology, and treatment follows standard antitubercular therapy protocols.

Why it matters

Scrofuloderma remains an important clinical entity in both tuberculosis-endemic regions and developed countries with increasing migrant populations or immunocompromised patients. Early recognition is essential to prevent tissue destruction and scarring, and to identify underlying tuberculous infection that requires systemic treatment.