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Researchers have developed a quantum metrology scheme using coupled Xenon-129 spin ensembles to detect axion dark matter, achieving exclusion limits on axion coupling constants several orders of magnitude better than conventional methods. The scheme demonstrates remarkable noise resilience in non-Markovian environments when bound states form in the energy spectrum, with performance asymptotically recovering to ideal values despite dissipative noise. This contrasts sharply with Markovian approximations where noise significantly degrades detection capabilities.
Why it matters
This work provides a practical pathway for detecting axions, leading candidates for dark matter that could explain approximately 85% of the universe's matter content. The noise-tolerant approach could be implemented in real laboratory conditions by tuning the Larmor frequency of spin ensembles, making it feasible for experimental searches of beyond-standard-model physics.
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⚠️ Preprint – Noch nicht peer-reviewed
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Abstract: The detection of axion dark matter poses a significant challenge due to its exceptionally weak coupling to standard-model particles. Here we develop a noise-tolerant quantum-metrology scheme based on coupled $^{129}$Xe spin ensembles to search for such weakly interacting particles. Within an experimentally accessible parameter regime, our scheme achieves an ideal exclusion limit on the axion coupling constant that is several orders of magnitude more stringent than that of conventional detection methods. We further investigate the performance of our scheme under dissipative noise and find that its robustness is fundamentally governed by the energy-spectrum structure of the composite spin-environment system. Remarkably, when a bound state emerges in the spectrum, the exclusion limit asymptotically recovers its ideal value in the non-Markovian dynamics, whereas under the Markovian approximation the limit deteriorates significantly due to noise. Our results establish a universal mechanism for noise-resilient exploration of beyond-standard-model physics, which can be practically implemented by engineering bound-state formation via tuning the Larmor frequency of the spin ensembles.