Bioengineered photosynthetic nanothylakoids reshape the inflammatory microenvironment for rheumatoid arthritis therapy
Abstract Reducing individual inflammatory factors does not always translate into clinical efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation. Proinflammatory M1 macrophages are a key driver of the hyperinflammatory joint microenvironment, which also promotes the progression of RA. Here we show that folate-receptor-targeted photosynthetic nanothylakoid (FA-PEG-NTK)-based phototherapy reprogrammes macrophages from M1 … Read more