AI Insight
This study investigates the coupled effects of dynamic incidence angle and multipulse accumulation during femtosecond laser ablation of complex three-dimensional surfaces. The research establishes a mechanistic framework explaining how the angle at which laser pulses strike a curved or irregular surface, combined with the cumulative thermal and structural effects of repeated pulses, jointly govern material removal rates and surface morphology. The findings reveal that ignoring these coupled parameters leads to significant prediction errors in ablation depth and surface quality when processing non-planar geometries.
Why it matters
These insights are directly applicable to precision microfabrication industries, including aerospace component manufacturing, medical device production, and semiconductor processing, where femtosecond lasers are used to machine complex curved surfaces with high accuracy. A better predictive model could reduce trial-and-error in industrial laser machining and improve surface finish consistency.